—
One-Minute Essays
Readings for Advanced Students and for Special Topics on Watermills and Windmills
For those needing references to more information on mills, milling, and the present state of mills in North America, we offer the following information.

Watermills
  • Beenhakker, AJ. Windmills and Watermills in Iceland (Reading: International Molinological Society,1976).
  • Benney, Dennis Edward. An Introduction to Cornish Watermills (Truro, UK: Barton, 1972).
  • Brittain, Robert Edward. Rivers, Man, and Myths; from fish spears to water mills (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958).
  • Carus-Wilson, E. M. "An Industrial Revolution of the Thirteenth Century." The Economic History Review 11 (1941): 39-60.
  • Carus-Wilson, E. M. "The Woolen Industry." In Trade and Industry in the Middle Ages, ed. M. M. Postan and Edward Miller. Vol. 2 of The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Ed. M. M. Postan and H. J. Habakkuk. (2d ed. Cambridge, 1966).
  • Chant, Colin, The Pre-Industrial Cities and Technology Reader. Cities and Technology. (London, 1999).
  • Evelyn, John, Fumifugium: or, The inconvenience of the aer and smoake of London dissipated. (Reprint: London, National Society for Clean Air, 1961).
  • Glacken, Clarence J, Traces on the Rhodian Shore: Nature and Culture in Western Thought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century (Berkeley, 1967).
  • Goldthwaite, Richard A., The Building of Renaissance Florence: An Economic and Social History. Baltimore, 1980.
  • al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. and Donald R. Hill, Islamic Technology: An Illustrated History. (Cambridge, 1986).
  • Hill, Donald R, A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times (London, 1984).
  • Hoffmann, Richard C., "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," Journal of American History 101 (1996): 631-669.
  • Holt, Richard, Mills of Medieval England (Oxford, UK / New York, NY: B. Blackwell, 1988).
  • Horn, Walter and Ernest Born, The Plan of St. Gall: A Study of the Architecture and Economy and Life in a Paradigmatic Carolingian Monastery (Berkeley, 1979).
  • Horn, Walter and Ernest Born, "Water Power and the Plan of St. Gall," Journal of Medieval History 1 (1975): 219-58.
  • Hughes, J. Donald, Pan's Travail: Environmental Problems of the Ancient Greeks and Romans (Baltimore, 1993).
  • Lillich, Meredith Parsons, "Cleanliness with Godliness: A Discussion of Medieval Monastic Plumbing," in Mélanges à la Mémoire du Père Anselme Dimie, ed. Benoît
  • Chauvin (Arbois, 1982).
  • Llewellyn, Charles, The Mill's Life: from the Domesday Book to the Millennium (New York: Robson Books/Parkwest, 1998).
  • Luckhurst, David, Monastic Watermills: a study of the mills within English monastic precincts (London: Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, 1964).
  • Mazzaoui, Maureen Fennell, " The Cotton Industry of Northern Italy in the Late Middle Ages: 1150-1450," Journal of Economic History 32 (1972) 262-286. [available on JSTOR]
  • Monmonier, Mark S, Mapping It Out: Expository Cartography for the Humanities and Social Sciencesà (Chicago, 1993).
  • Muendel, John, "The 'French' Mill in Medieval Tuscany," Journal of Medieval History 10 (1984) 215-247
  • Muendel, John, "Medieval Urban Renewal: The Communal Mills of the City of Florence, 1351-1382, Journal of Urban History 17 (1991) 363-389.
  • Muendel, John, "The Internal Functions of a 14th-Century Florentine Flour Factory," Technology and Culture 32 (1991) 498-520.
  • Outwater, Alice, Water: A Natural History (New York, 1996).
  • Price, Lorna, The Plan of St. Gall in Brief: An Overview Based on the Work by Walter Horn and Ernest Bornà (Berkeley, 1982).
  • Reynolds, Terry S., Stronger than a Hundred Men: A History of the Vertical Water Wheel (Baltimore, 1983).
  • Smith, Cyril Stanley, ed., Mappae clavicula; a little key to the world of medieval techniques (Philadelphia, 1974).
  • Smith, Elizabeth Bradford, Technology and Resource Use in Medieval Europe: Cathedrals, Mills, and Mines (Aldershot, 1997).
  • Smith, Norman, A History of Dams (London, 1971).
  • Squatriti, Paolo, "Water and Society in Late Antique and Early Medieval Italy A.D. 400-850," Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, 1990.
  • Squatriti, Paolo, Water and Society in Early Medieval Italy, AD 400-1000 (Cambridge, 1998).
  • Squatriti, Paolo, "'Advent and Conquests' of the Water Mill in Italy," In Technology and Resource Use in Medieval Europe: Cathedrals, Mills, and Mines, edited by Elizabeth Bradford Smith,. (Ashgate, 1997)
  • TeBrake, William H., "Air Pollution and Fuel Crises in Pre- Industrial London, 1250-1650," Technology and Culture, 16 (July, 1975) 337-359.
  • Thorndike, Lynn, "Sanitation, Baths, and Street Cleaning in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, Speculum, 3 (1928) 192-203.
  • Wailes, Rex, A Source Book of Windmills and Watermills (London: Ward Lock, 1979).
  • Wikander, Örjan, Exploitation of Water-power or Technological Stagnation? A Reappraisal of the Productive Forces in the Roman Empire (Lund, 1984).
Windmills
  • Beedell, Suzanne, Windmills (New York: Scribner's, 1979).
  • Brangwyn, Frank and Hayter Preston, Windmills (Detroit: Gale, 1975).
  • Brown Joseph E. and Anne Ensign Brown, Harness the Wind: The Story of Windmills (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1977).
  • Carnell, Glyn, "Turning Back the Clock," Out of Town Magazine (UK) v.5, #2 (February, 1988) 56-7.
  • Darby, H. C., The Draining of the Fens (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1940).
  • Dennis, Landt, Catch the Wind: a Book of Windmills and Windpower (New York: Four Winds Press, 1976).
  • Flint, Brian, Windmills of East Anglia (Ipswich, England: F. W. Pawsey & Sons, 1977).
  • Forss, Derek, "Up on the Downs," In Britain (November, 1987) 44-45.
  • Freese, Stanley, Windmills and Millwrighting (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957).
  • Holt, Richard, "The Medieval Mill--A Productivity Breakthrough?" History Today, v.39 (July, 1989) 26-31.
  • Hopkins, Robert, Old Windmills of England (New York: W. F. Payson, 1930).
  • Hopkins, Robert, In Search of English Windmills (London: C. Palmer, 1931).
  • Howes, Hugh and Richard Minton, "Gone..with the Wind: A Survey of the Survival of England's Mills," This England, v.12, #4 (Winter, 1979/80) 42.
  • Kealy, Edward. J, Harvesting the Air: Windmill pioneers in 12th century England (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
  • Langdon, John, "The Mobilization of Labour in the Milling Industry of Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Century England," Canadian Journal of History, v.31, #1 (April, 1996) 37-59.
  • Mais, Stuart, England of the Windmills, (London: J.M Dent, 1931).
  • Major, J. Kenneth and Martin Watts, Victorian and Edwardian Windmils and Watermills (London: B. T. Batsford, 1977).
  • Reynolds, John, Windmills and Watermills (New York: Praeger, 1970).
  • Skilton, C. P., British Windmills and Watermills (London: Collins, 1947).
  • Smith, Terence Paul, "The English Medieval Windmill," History Today, v.28, #4 (April, 1978) 40-45.
  • Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings: English Windmills, 2 volumes (London: Architectural Press, 1932).
  • Wailes, Rex, The English Windmill (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1954).
  • Wailes, Rex, Windmills in England: A Study of Their Origin, Development and Future (London: C. Skilton, 1975).
  • West, Jenny, The Windmills of Kent (London: Skilton & Shaw, 1979).
  • Zupko, Ronald E. and Laures, Robert A., Straws in the Wind: Medieval Urban Environmental Law, the Case of Northern Italy (Boulder, 1996).