Phase Planning (4D Modeling)\

For Current Information about BIM Project Execution Planning is currently at http://bim.psu.edu/Uses/default.aspx

Description:

A process in which a 4D model (3D models with the added dimension of time) is utilized to effectively plan the phased occupancy in a renovation, retrofit, addition, or to show the construction sequence and space requirements on a building site. 4D modeling is a powerful visualization and communication tool that can give a project team much better understanding of project milestones and construction plans.

Potential Value:

• Better understanding of the phasing schedule by the owner and project participants and showing the critical path of the project
• Dynamic phasing plans of occupancy offering multiple options and solutions to space conflicts
• Integrate planning of human, equipment and material resources with the BIM model to better schedule and cost estimate the project
• Space and workspace conflicts identified and resolved ahead of the construction process
• Marketing purposes and publicity
• Identification of schedule, sequencing or phasing issues
• More readily constructible, operable and maintainable project (Kang et al., 2007)
• Monitor procurement status of project materials (Kang et al., 2007)
• Increased productivity and decreased waste on job sites (Sheppard, 2004)
• Conveying the spatial complexities of the project, planning information, and support conducting additional analyses (Koo and Fischer, 2000)

Resources Required:

• 3D Model manipulation
• Scheduling software

 Team Competencies Required:

• Knowledge of construction scheduling and general construction process. A 4D model is connected to a schedule, and is therefore only as good as the schedule to which its linked.
• Ability to manipulate, navigate, and review a 3D model.
• Knowledge of 4D software: import geometry, manage links to schedules, produce and control animations, etc.

Selected Resources:

• Dawood, N., and Mallasi, Z. (2006). Construction Workplace Planning: Assignment and Analysis Utilizing 4D Visualization Technologies. Computer-aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Pgs. 498-513. 
• Jongeling, R., Kim, J., Fischer, M., Morgeous, C., and Olofsson, T. (2008). Quantitative analysis of workflow, temporary structure usage, and productivity using 4D models. Automation in Construction, Pgs. 780-791.
• Kang, J. H., Anderson, S. D., and Clayton, M. J. (2007). Empirical Study on the Merit of Web-based 4D Visualization in Collaborative Construction Planning and Scheduling. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Pgs. 447-461.