General
Building
Data |
| Building Name: |
Robert M. Arnold
Public Health Sciences Building
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| Location: |
Seattle, Washington
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| Site: |
1100 Fairview
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| Occupancy Type: |
Office & Research Laboratories
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| Size: |
372,503 SF
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| Number of stories above grade: |
5
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| Building Height: |
68'
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| Construction Completed: |
2004
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| Construction Cost: |
$90,825,000
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| Project Delivery Method: |
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Project
Team |
| Owner: |
The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
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| Construction Management: |
Turner Construction
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| Architecture: |
Zimmer Gunsul Frasca
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| Structural Engineering: |
KPFF
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| MEP Engineering: |
Affiliated Engineers Inc.
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Architecture |
| Architectural Design: |
The Robert M. Arnold Building at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center takes on an interesting form. In the center of the Arnold Building there is a large triangular atrium where catwalks and spirals stairs hover below a glass roof. This atrium allows natural light to reach more interior spaces. Arnold Building is Phase V of the development of FHCRC's privately owned campus. The Robert M. Arnold Building has earned LEED Certification and in 2006 won the Masonry Institute of Washington's highest honor.
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| Building Codes: |
The Robert M. Arnold Building complies with the Seattle Building Code. The City of Seattle had adopted and amended the 1997 Uniform Building Code at the time of design. In August of 2004 Seattle switched to the International Building Code, the Seattle Edition.
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| Site Zoning: |
According to the City of Seattle's zoning maps and the set forth zoning definitions the Robert M. Arnold building in classified as Commercial 2. Seattle also has height limitations on buildings which is determined by a floor area ratio.
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| Building Envelope: |
The building is enclosed by concrete masonry with a brick veneer. Strip windows give the building horizontal continuity. The flat roof of Arnold Building is a built up roofing membrane with a gravel ballest on top. In order to facilitate draining rainwater the rigid insulation used on the roof is tapered toward the drains.
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Engineering Systems |
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Structural |
The main framing system in the Public Health Sciences Building is a cast in place concrete framing system. Almost all of the remaining portions of the structure are made of concrete. The columns are continuous cast in place reinforced concrete columns. The typical columns are 24 inches square and are on an average grid of 30 feet by 30 feet. The columns do not taper towards the top, however, the amount of reinforcement can vary. The shape of some columns changes from rectangular to circular on certain floors. For these situations the columns have a diameter of 24 inches. Supporting Campus Drive, the turnaround, and the entrance plaza, under which the building extends, is an area of the building which uses cast in place reinforced concrete. The average beam size is 24 inches wide by 30 inches deep.
Although the framing of Arnold building is mainly composed of concrete structural elements there are some portions of the building where steel has been used. Steel framing was used for the stairs and skylight in the atrium. A special stipulation was made by the structural engineers that the structure of the atrium be designed so that only no torsion resulted on the rest of the building. The columns on the fifth story are made of tube steel with the typical size being TS 12x12x5/8. Steel was also employed in the design of the roof structure that houses the building’s mechanical equipment. The typical steel column in this area is a TS 4x4x41/4. The irregularity of the steel roof structure lends itself to atypical beam and girder sizes ranging from W 10x12 to W 30x132. There also are a few steel columns scattered throughout in the main structure.
The floor system of Arnold Building is mainly composed of two way post-tensioned concrete floor slabs. The slab in the basement is not post-tensioned but instead is made of fiber reinforced concrete. The portion of the building located under the entrance plaza uses reinforced concrete slabs. The roof slab is also composed of reinforced concrete. With the noted exceptions the typical floor system is a flat post-tensioned concrete slab with drop panels.
The foundation of the Public Health Sciences Building consists mainly of spread footings and wall footings. Where the foundation is required to resist lateral loads carried down by shear walls, the Building uses deeper drilled piers. The average footing is about 12 feet square, however, sizes ranging from eight feet square to 28 feet by 24 feet. The depth ranges from 30 inches to 48 inches deep, but is typically around 40 inches deep.
The lateral forces exerted on the building are resisted by a combination of shear walls and braced frames. The braced frames are isolated to the fifth floor and the mechanical penthouse. Shear walls are used on all other levels. They extend down through the parking structure where openings for vehicular traffic reduce the efficiency of the design.
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Mechanical |
The Robert M. Arnold Building has multiple mechanical systems designed to serve the different types of spaces. The mechanical systems were designed according to the following codes and standards:
2000 Seattle Energy Code
2000 Uniform Mechanical Code with Seattle Amendments
2000 Uniform Building Code with Seattle Amendments
1997 Uniform Fire Code with Seattle Amendments
American Society of Heating Refrigerating, & Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 62-1989
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Guidelines and Standards
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Guidelines and Standards
The office spaces of the building are served floor by floor using variable air volume (VAV) air handling units. Each floor has its own air handlers. Floors D and E are each supplied by a single unit, while floor one through four each have three stacked units. The air flow into the spaces is controlled by variable frequency drives (VFD) on the supply fans. Outdoor air from the roof is supplied to the air handling units through air shafts. The relief exhaust system is a medium pressure VAV that vents into the parking garage.
The laboratory area is supplied 100% outdoor air, from the roof, by one VAV air handling unit. After the air is filtered, heated, and cooled it is distributed to the lab by two plenum fans that are controlled by variable frequency drives. The exhaust system for the laboratory consists of three parts; a general exhausts system, a fume exhaust system, and a second specialized fume exhaust system. The general exhaust of the laboratory is drawn by variable air volume exhaust valves up to the mechanical penthouse where an exhaust air handler is located. The regular fume exhaust system pulls air from the lab through exhaust valves placed in the ceiling where it’s directed to a fan room located on the mechanical level. There two exhaust fans discharge the air through stacks extending 15 feet above the roof level. A combination of variable frequency drives and variable geometry discharge dampers help to maintain the exit velocity of the fume exhaust. The special fume exhaust system utilizes two radioisotope fans to exhaust specific hoods located in the lab. Internal surfaces of the equipment for this system are coated with Heresite. The exhaust air is then serviced by a combination of HEPA and charcoal filters.
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Electrical |
The electrical system of the building was designed in accordance with the following codes:
WAC Washington Administrative Code
ANSI American National Standards Institute
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IES Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
NEC 1999 National Electrical Code
NECA National Electrical Contractors Association
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
UL Underwriters Laboratories
SEC 1999 Seattle Electrical Code
The electrical service at 480Y/277 volts to Arnold Building is provided by the Seattle Light and Power Company.
The Public Health Sciences Building has an emergency power system. Emergency power is supplied by a 2,000 Kilowatt/ 2500 Kilovolt-amp diesel engine generator. The generator has the ability to power the building for four hours and was design to shed loads in order to maintain loads of higher priority. An uninterruptible power supply system was also implemented to power the server rooms in Arnold building for a minimum of 11 minutes.
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Lighting |
The majority of the spaces in the Public Health Sciences Building are illuminated using energy efficient fixtures. The luminaires implemented were designed to have lamps with 3500K color temperature and a color rendering index of 85. The laboratory and its support area have luminaires that indirectly light the space each using (3) 2’x4’ lamps. The clinic area is also lit using this type of fixture. The open areas of the office use luminaires similar to those in the laboratory, however, in this portion of the building they are only 2 lamp fixtures. The remaining office space is lit using 8 foot and 12 foot single lamp, pendant fluorescent fixtures. Food service rooms are illuminated by 2 or 3 lamp recessed fluorescent fixtures with acrylic lenses. General building circulation spaces are lit by compact fluorescent downlights that are 6 inches in diameter. Support areas of the building are lit using 4 foot industrial fluorescent fixtures that each have 2 lamps. |
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Fire Protection |
In Arnold Building the method of fire protection is dependent upon the space being protected. All interior spaces are protected using a wet pipe sprinkler system. Dry pipe sprinklers will be used to protect areas that will be subjected to temperatures below 40° F such as the parking garage. The data centers in the building will be protected by two systems. The primary mean of fire protection is a gaseous fire suppression system. This dry protection method uses carbon dioxide for fire suppression. The secondary system is a pre-action sprinkler system. Smoke detectors and heat detectors will activate the fire alarm system, which will then initiate the pre-action system.
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